As migrant spouses’ education increases from high school to some college or above, the increase in their likelihood of hukou locality intermarriage is similar between Shanghai and Shenzhen. When migrant spouses’ education changes from high school to some college or above, their odds of hukou locality intermarriage increase by 159% and 110% in Shanghai and Shenzhen, respectively, and the difference between Shanghai and Shenzhen is not statistically significant (Shanghai: ? = 0.95, exp(?) = 2.59,p < 0.001;> 0.05). In contrast, as migrant spouses’ education changes from less than high school to high school, their odds of intermarriage increase significantly in Shenzhen (? = 0.02 + 1.81 = 1.83,p < 0.001)> 0.05), and the difference is highly significant (dif.: ? = 1.81,p < 0.001).
It matchmaking is especially good from inside the Shenzhen
Total, along with supportive evidence of an excellent dyadic exchange, especially in Shenzhen, we as well as look for supportive facts to have industry replace, as migrants may get married a community partner (we.e., to form hukou intermarriage) since their studies expands. The results suggest increased probability of hukou area-studies exchange having non-college-experienced migrants in the Shenzhen than in Shanghai, but a similar probability of hukou area-knowledge change on these two cities for college or university-experienced migrants, and that supporting Theory step three your all the way down odds of hukou area-knowledge exchange inside the Shanghai, versus Shenzhen, keeps for non-college-educated migrants but not for university-educated migrants.
Centered on Design 5 off Table dos and you will Contour dos , local spouses’ degree is not in the its record-probability of hukou locality intermarriage, and that dating cannot disagree between the two urban centers
At this point, i have considered just intermarriage ranging from natives and you may migrants, as opposed to identifying ranging from a few hukou items. Within our try, neighbors try predominantly metropolitan hukou owners while migrants mostly hold outlying hukou in both metropolitan areas. Specifically, inside the Shanghai, on the 85% of neighbors however, just about 20% off migrants provides urban hukou. During the Shenzhen, the locals hold urban hukou, but no more than 35% out-of migrants are urban hukou holders. The clinical distinction from hukou type anywhere between neighbors and you may migrants ways a probability of hukou types of change inside inter-hukou-locality ine if hukou method of impacts the results.
First, i evaluate the fresh delivery out-of hukou particular among intermarriages out of hukou locality. Since the found in Contour A1, more than half this new people in which two partners differ for the hukou locality mode homogamy regarding hukou form of. This is in line with previous results that all Chinese age hukou kind of (Li & Lu, 2008; Wang & He, 2014). A gender asymmetric trend out of hukou interong partners of a migrant spouse and a community partner, merely 11% was rural-husband-urban-partner people while 86% are urban-husband-urban-wife partners. In contrast, among couples where spouse was an excellent Shanghai local resident and also the spouse try good migrant, 45% was urban-husband-rural-partner lovers. Simply put, whenever female with Shanghai hukou marry migrants, they have a tendency in order to wed urban migrants, while dudes which have Shanghai hukou which get married migrant feminine tend to wed outlying migrants. During the Shenzhen, this gender development are faster pronounced: 26% from migrant-husband-local-wife partners features an urban spouse and you will a rural husband, seksikäs norjalainen naiset whereas a dozen% away from local-husband-migrant-wife partners involve an urban spouse and you can a rural partner. These findings suggest that for the Shanghai wedding markets, each other hukou area and you may hukou sorts of design intermarriage patterns, but in Shenzhen hukou style of looks smaller extremely important. It next supporting the findings in the hukou barrier being more powerful within the Shanghai than in Shenzhen.
Second, we did a sensitivity analysis by excluding couples in which two spouses differ in both hukou locality and hukou type. In this way, intermarriages that cross hukou locality do not include any couples that might also engage in status exchange in terms of hukou type. The results (available upon request) are substantively the same. Hukou locality homogamy remains more pronounced in Shanghai than in Shenzhen (? Shenzhen*hukou homogamy =?0.42, p < 0.001).>shenzhen*(migrants: high school vs. less than high school) 1.11, p < 0.1).>